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Int. J. Turbomach. Propuls. Power 2020, 5, 19 11 of 17 axial blade length, which correspond to the allowed manufacturing limits. As shown in Table 9, the only suitable fluids are Cyclopentane and R601, the only ones leading to an axial blade length acceptable for the imposed constraints. Table 8. Crucial design parameters for different working fluids. Fluid Cyclopentane R601 R134a R245fa SES36 n◦ of Rows 6 6 6 4 6 ns 1 ω Power [rpm] [kW] 0.587 3648 56 0.586 4016 56 0.434 3714 61 0.499 9171 34 0.350 4541 32 ηkin ηis 0.914 0.836 0.897 0.826 0.815 0.729 0.698 0.590 0.783 0.675 χ 0.925 0.909 0.821 0.688 0.792 1 calculated at first stage. Table 9. Axial blade length (expressed in (m)) at the inlet of each row for different working fluids. Fluid Cyclopentane R601 R134a R245fa SES36 1st Row 0.010 0.010 0.011 0.010 0.010 2nd Row 0.011 0.010 0.008 0.006 0.007 3rd Row 0.011 0.010 0.006 0.003 0.005 4th Row 0.011 0.009 0.005 0.003 0.004 5th Row 0.011 0.010 0.004 0.004 6th Row 0.012 0.010 0.003 0.004 In the present study, R601 was chosen as working fluid because, despite the slightly lower efficiency of its cycle, it is much less flammable than Cyclopentane. Moreover, its condenser pressure is about 1 bar against 0.7 bars for Cyclopentane, making the manufacturing easier. The design parameters thus obtained, as shown in Table 10, make it possible to draw the velocity triangles of the best performing configuration, as shown below in Figure 12: Parameter ηis ns ds uin uout vin vout win wout φin φout ψin ψout hin hout Tin Tout sin pin pout ρin ρout Unit 1st Row – 0.615 – 0.54 – 3.72 [m/s] 42 [m/s] 46 [m/s] 29 [m/s] 54 [m/s] 51 [m/s] 96 – 0.7 – 0.64 – 0.00 – −0.98 [m] 468,500 [m] 466,000 [K] 373 [K] 371 [J/kgK] 1,343 [Pa] 366,619 [Pa] 366,040 [kg/m3] 9.35 [kg/m3] 8.54 2nd Row 0.850 0.31 4.77 3rd Row 0.845 0.29 5.13 4th Row 0.839 0.27 5.43 5th Row 0.834 0.26 5.66 6th Row 0.830 0.26 5.77 Table 10. Output parameters for the selected fluid. 46 51 56 61 68 51 56 61 68 74 54 60 66 72 79 60 66 72 79 87 30 33 36 40 44 106 0.64 0.64 0.98 −0.98 466,000 461,000 371 368 1,347 366,040 292,470 8.54 7.42 116 128 0.64 0.64 0.64 0.64 0.98 0.98 −0.98 −0.98 461,000 456,000 456,000 449,000 368 364 364 360 1,349 1,352 292,470 247,050 247,050 201,090 7.42 6.27 6.27 5.11 141 155 0.64 0.64 0.64 0.64 0.98 0.98 −0.98 −0.98 449,000 441,000 441,000 431,000 360 355 355 349 1,355 1,360 201,090 156,400 156,400 115,050 5.11 3.99 3.99 2.95PDF Image | Optimal Design of a Ljungstrom Turbine for ORC Power
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