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Int. J. Turbomach. Propuls. Power 2020, 5, 19 16 of 17 Nomenclature Symbol Description b radial chord c specific heat ds specific diameter dshaft shaft diameter h axial blade length/ enthalpy id ideal in inlet l blade chord L work LEul Euler’s work, [J/kg] lt length scale, [m] m. mass flow rate ns specific speed out outlet p pressure P power r radius Re Reynolds number s entropy s-s static-to-static T temperature U blade peripheral velocity References Unit of Measure [m] [J/(kgK)] [m] [m] [J/kg] [m] [J/kg] [J/kg] [m] [kg/s] Symbol Description V absolute flow velocity W relative flow velocity wf working fluid wo working oil β0 relative inlet angle βr expansion ratio δb blade encumbrance ε deviation angle ηcyc cycle’s efficiency ηis isentropic efficiency ηkin kinematic efficiency ηturb turbine efficiency ξ leakage factor ξr Soderberg loss coefficient ρ density blade to relative outlet velocity Unit of Measure [m/s] [m/s] [Pa] [kW] ρr [kg/m3 ] [MPa] [rpm] [m] [J/(kgK)] [T] [m/s] ratio σ blade solidity τall allowable stress φ flow coefficient χ inlet to outlet radii ratio ψ load coefficient ω angular velocity 1. Quoilin, S.; van den Broek, M.; Declaye, S.; Dewallef, P.; Lemort, V. Techno-economic survey of Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) systems. Renew. Sustain. Energy 2013, 22, 168–186. [CrossRef] 2. Tocci, L.; Pal, T.; Pesmazoglou, I.; Franchetti, B. Small Scale Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC): A Techno-Economic Review. Energies 2017, 10, 413. [CrossRef] 3. Kang, S.H. Design and experimental study of ORC (Organic Rankine Cycle) and radial turbine using R245fa working fluid. Energy 2012, 41, 514–524. [CrossRef] 4. Pei, G.; Li, Y.; Ji, J. Performance evaluation of a micro turbo-expander for application in low-temperature solar electricity generation. J. Zhejiang Univ. 2011, 12, 207–213. [CrossRef] 5. Palumbo, C.F.; Barnabei, V.F.; Preziuso, E.; Coronetta, U. Design and CFD analysis of a Ljungstrom turbine for an ORC cycle in a waste heat recovery application. In Proceedings of the ECOS 2016, Portorož, Slovenia, 19–23 June 2016. 6. Ljungström, F. The Development of the Ljungström Steam Turbine and Air Preheater. Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. 1949, 160, 211–223. [CrossRef] 7. Casati, E.; Vitale, S.; Pini, M.; Persico, G.; Colonna, P. Centrifugal Turbines for Mini-Organic Rankine Cycle Power Systems. J. Eng. Gas Turbine Power 2014, 136, 122607. [CrossRef] 8. Pini, M.; Persico, G.; Casati, E.; Dossena, V. Preliminary design of a centrifugal turbine for ORC applications. In Proceedings of the First International Seminar on ORC Power Systems, Delft, The Netherlands, 22–23 September 2011. 9. Bell, I.H.; Wronsky, J.; Quoilin, S.; Lemort, V. Pure and pseudo-pure fluid thermophysical property evaluation and the open-source thermophysical property library CoolProp. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2014, 53, 2498–2508. [CrossRef] [PubMed] 10. Franchetti, B.; Pesiridis, A.; Pesmazoglou, I.; Sciubba, E.; Tocci, L. Thermodynamic and technical criteria for the optimal selection of the working fluid in a mini-ORC. In Proceedings of the ECOS 2016, Portorož, Slovenia, 19–23 June 2016. 11. Drescher, U.; Brüggemann, D. Fluid selection for the Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) in biomass power and heat plants. Appl. Therm. Eng. 2007, 27, 223–228. [CrossRef]PDF Image | Optimal Design of a Ljungstrom Turbine for ORC Power
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