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Li et al. 3 Table1. Designconditionsof20-kW-gradeorganicfluid turbine. Parameter Fluid Inlet pressure Outlet pressure Expansion ratio Fluid flow rate Efficiency requirements Symbol (unit) Turbine R245fa Pin (kPa) 1740 Pout (kPa) 177.4 Pt 9.8 mf (m3 s–1) 0.85 ht .85% Figure 1. Structure of radial inflow turbine. the ORC system. Before the turbine is designed, the ORC power generation system parameters are calcu- lated, and the initial design parameters of the turbine are obtained, as shown in Table 1. The main components of the radial turbine generator are the impeller, nozzle, generator and external volute. In order to improve the efficiency, the turbine and gen- erator are connected through the main shaft and are fully enclosed. Figure 1 shows the structure of the radial inflow turbine. The impeller and nozzle are the most important components that affect the performance of the turbine. The function of the nozzle is to change the flow direction of the fluid and to accelerate it by using the cascade around the nozzle. The radial annular noz- zle is adopted and is designed using an empirical design method.20 Figure 2 shows the simulation diagram of the impeller and nozzle. The aerodynamic characteris- tics of the nozzle are obtained through simulation and cascade blowing experiments on the mature blade profile.21 It should be noted that R245fa belongs to the category of organic fluids having a high molecular weight and low sound velocity; thus, its expansion ratio is relatively large. Therefore, a cascade suitable for Figure 2. Simulation diagram of impeller and nozzle. Figure 3. Photo of turbine generator. transonic flow is selected very carefully. The turbine was manufactured by Suzhou Xida Turbine Energy Technology Co., Ltd. Figure 3 shows the designed radial inflow turbine generator. In order to improve the shaft efficiency of the tur- bine generator and increase the actual power genera- tion, gas ceramic bearings are adopted owing to the low friction in gas bearings, the wide operating temperature range and the low heat generation at high speeds.22,23 A high-speed generator is used to adapt to the high speed of the turbine. According to previous studies, although power loss is caused by the high frequency of the gen- erator, it also keeps within a reasonable range with the progress of technology.24–26 ORC power generation system The ORC power generation systems are mainly com- posed of evaporators, condensers, preheaters, super- heaters, working fluid pumps, circulating water pumps, expanders and generators.27 At present, the research onPDF Image | ORC analysis of radial inflow turbine and R245fa
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