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6 Table4. ParametersoftheORCpowerplantsystem. Advances in Mechanical Engineering Numerical range Unit 0.35–1.7 MPa 0.1–0.25 MPa 2–15 °C 0.085–0.85 m3/s 90–125 °C 5–40 °C 3.0–28 m3/h 0.2–1.5 MPa 6.2–24.7 kJ/kg 5000–30,000 r/min cooling water and R245fa mass flow rate were 6 0.6%, 6 0.48%, 6 0.28% and 6 0.22%, respectively. The experimental parameters are shown in Table 4. Experimental results and analysis In the experiments performed on the radial inflow tur- bine and ORC power generation system, the tempera- ture reduction in the turbine, flow rate, output power, turbine efficiency and system thermal efficiency are analysed. The effects of inlet pressure, inlet temperature and rotational speed on the performance of the turbine and system are analysed experimentally. In the experi- ment, the steam flow rate is regulated by adjusting the opening degree of the steam valve, and the steam tem- perature is regulated through the boiler. The flow rate of R245fa is regulated through frequency conversion of the working fluid pump. It should be noted that the power loss in the generator is not considered in the experiment, and the efficiency of the turbine generator is assumed to be the efficiency of the turbine. Influence of inlet pressure of turbine The inlet pressure of the self-designed turbine is 1.74 MPa. In order to evaluate the performance of the designed turbine and system, the inlet pressure was gra- dually increased from 1.2 to 1.74MPa to study the influence of inlet pressure on turbine output power, efficiency, flow rate and system efficiency. Here, the temperature of R245fa is controlled between 112°C and 117°C. Figure 7 depicts the curves showcasing the influence of the change in turbine inlet pressure on the turbine output power and flow rate. As can be seen from Figure 8, with the increase in inlet pressure, the output power and flow rate of the turbine increase. The output power increases slowly until an inlet pressure of 1.4MPa, and then increases rapidly, and after 1.54 MPa, it decreases. The maximum output power of the turbine is 17.1 kW. The flow rate Parameters Turbine inlet pressure Turbine outlet pressure Superheat R245fa flow rate Turbine inlet temperature Cooling water temperature Cooling water flow rate Pressure drop in turbine Enthalpy drop in turbine Rotational speed ORC: organic Rankine cycle. Symbols Pin Pout Tsup mf Tin Tw mw Dp Dh N 1. Organic fluid cycle. First, after preheating, the organic fluid evaporates into the high-pressure organic steam in the evaporator, and then flows into the expander after being superheated in the superheater. After the heat exchange in the superheater, saturated steam enters the prehea- ter through pipeline 1. Second, the high-pressure organic steam forces the expander blade to rotate and then drives the generator to generate the electric power. Finally, the organic steam from the expander outlet condenses into liquid in the condenser, before flowing into the refrig- erant tank. The organic fluid is driven from the tank to the preheater by the pump and then the cycle is repeated. Excess organic fluid can be stored in the refrigerant tank for adjusting the flow rate. 2. Steam cycle. To increase the energy utilisation level of the waste heat steam, the steam is divided into two parts: the smaller part enters the superheater and the larger part enters the evaporator. After heat exchange with the organic fluid, the two parts of steam are mixed and then flown into the preheater to continue heating the organic fluid pumped from the refrigerant tank. Finally, the steam from the preheater condenses into liquid water in the condensation tank to complete the steam cycle. 3. Cooling water cycle. The cooling water is pumped into the condenser from the cooling tower by a centrifugal pump. After absorbing the heat of the organic fluid, the temperature of the cooling water rises, and the counter flow cooling tower releases the heat such that the heat circulation is repeated. In order to test the performance of the turbine and ORC power generation system, the parameters of the system are set after the designing and calculations. The measurement uncertainties of temperature, pressure,PDF Image | ORC analysis of radial inflow turbine and R245fa
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