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CONCEPT OF THE RADIAL OUTFLOW TURBINE The basic geometry of the radial outflow (ROF) turbine under developmentatET1isshowninFigure1. Theturbineisamulti- stage design, with each stage composed of one stationary and one rotatingbladerow. Theworkingfluid,steam,inthecaseofthis study,enterstheturbineatthecenterofthefixedstator. The fluid then expands radially outward through alternating, concen- tric stator and rotor blade rows, where its enthalpy drop is con- verted to shaft power by the rotating blade rows. The ROF turbine geometry has several advantageous characteristics as follows: 1. In most cases, only a single rotor disc is required tocarrytherequirednumberofbladerows. This produces a lightweight rotor permitting an overhung rotor arrangement, reducing bearing and seal requirements. 2. Due to the compact arrangement, described above, thermal losses are minimized. 3. Because the flow is radial, the turbine blades have a constant untwisted profile along their length. Highprecisionbladescanthereforebe obtained from low cost manufacturing methods, and a simple and accurate aerodynamic analysis can be used for the design. 4. In most cases, full admission can be used on all stages due to the radial arrangement which puts the low volumetric flow stages at a small diameter. 5. With almost negligible change to the turbine hous- ing, the power output of a given unit can be adjusted by changing the turbine blade heights by a propor- tionateamount. Theabilitytodothisisdiscussed in more detail later. 6. Because of the simplicity of the assembly, tight tolerances and thus small clearances between the rotorandstatorcanbeeasilymaintained. This minimizes leakages of the working fluid in the tur- bine-one oftheprincipallossesofexpanderefficiency. A typical turbine/gearbox with an overhung rotor arrangement isshowninFigure2. Theninestageturbineandsinglereduction gearbox shown is representative of the units contained in this study. Therollingelementbearingsshown,however,arenot typical of 100 KW--5 MW gearboxes; most use journal bearings. The electric generator will have its own bearing system. 3PDF Image | Radial Outflow Turbine for Solar Steam Rankine Engines
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