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STEAPl RANKINE CYCLE PAMTRICAL ANALYSIS The steam Rankine cycle, in its simplest form, consists of these elements: 1. PreheatermiLer 2. Expander 3- Condenser 4. Feed pump. These elements were designated as 'the basic steam Rankine cycle" and are shown on a temperature-entropy (T-S) diagram in Figure 13. The critical poht temperature for steam is 305OF. The temperature range of interest for this solar electric power study is from 600°F to 13@SaF. Therefore, another element must be added to the basic cycle--a superheater, This is shown on the T-S dia- graminFigure13. BothdiagramsinFigure13areshownwithout the feed pump, which would be nearly invisible if drawn to scale. Thepowerrequiredtodrivethispumpwillbecoveredlater. For now, it will be deleted for simplicity, since it is a relatively insignificant effect, which is not true of some other Rankine cycle working fluids. The basic steam Rankine cycle was analyzed to be able to compare the relative performance as related to these parameters: 1. Turbine Inlet Temperature (COOOF to 1300°F) 2. Turbine Inlet Pressure (400 psia to 2000 psia) 3. Condensing Temperature ( 6 S 0 F to 13OOF) 4. Output Power (100 KW to 5 MW). Shown above is the range of interest for these parameters for steam Rankine driven solar-electric power applications as jointly determined by DOE, NASA and ETI. A sample cycle efficiency calculation sileet is shown in Figure14. Eachcalculationwasbegunbyspecifyingvaluesfor the four parameters named above. ~ext,values for inlet enthalpy and entropy, and exit enthalpy for an ideal isentropic expansion were obtained from the 1967 ASME Steam Tables. Turbine shaft speedwascomputedasdescribedinaprevioussection. Usinga reiterative process and the previously derived equations, turbine last stage efficiency was recomputed until the actual turbine Gxhaust steam conditions matched the estimated values within a tolerance of 2 0.25 percent. Once the turbins exhaust conditions were established, the last stage blade stress was checked to make sure it was within limits. ForthesamplecalculationofFigure14, thevaluewas 56,500psiwhichwassatisfactory. Hadthisvalueexceededthe design limit of 70,000 psi, a new, lower turbine shaft speed would have been specified. Next the 2 factor for the conversion from stage efficiency 12 -PDF Image | Radial Outflow Turbine for Solar Steam Rankine Engines
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