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ENGINE CONTROLS This section will discuss the controls required for successful operation of the power conversion subsystem. Primary emphasis will be on the turbine/gearbox/generator. Conventional hydraulic-mechanical governors operate at speeds below the 1800 rpm generator speed standard for the 100 KW to 5 MW powerrange. Thus,theyrequireasmallauxiliarygearboxmounted ontheturbineorgearbox. Governorshaftpowerrequirementsare low, approximately 0.00025 of the turbine shaft power. Commercial equipment has the capabilit3 to respond to 0.02 percent change in speed. Othercontrolcapabilitiesincludethefollowing: 1. Synchronization of speed of multiple units. 2. Overspced emergency. shutdown actuation (Electrical Engi- neer's Handbook calls for a design limit of 13.0 percent maximum overspeed) 3. Operating range down to 25 percent of design speed. When feedwater heating is used to improve engine efficiency, controloftheturbineextractionportsmustbeconsidered. To maintain optimum turbine efficiency throughout the load range, it is necessary to control the extraction flows from the turbine. For the case where single or dual extractions are used, comercially available electronic controls exist which will: 1. Yodulate the turbine inlet and extraction valves to hold shaft speed constant. 2. Mainta.in turbine horsepower output at a fixed optimum value In large electric powerplants, which may have eight or more feed- water heaters, the turbine manufacturer will specify the extrac- tionflowsasafunctionofturbinepoweroutput. Thecorrect extraction flows are then maintained by an operator. In the design of a solar elec-tricpowerplant, several cost and reliability tradeoffs will have to be studied to determine thebestapproach. Earlier,astatementwasmadethattheaddi- tion of feedwater heaters will always be economic on a system's :asis. However,thismaynotbetrueiffullyautomaticcontrol isrequired. ThecostofadditionoftheNthfeedwaterheater controllogicmaybecomeprohibitive. Thereliabilityofthis complex automatic control would have to be traded off against thatofth2solarreceiveritwouldreplace. Inthecasewhere thesystemhasstorage,excessenerb atpartloadislikelyto beavailable. Inthatcase,uncontrolledextractionports could be utilized. 23PDF Image | Radial Outflow Turbine for Solar Steam Rankine Engines
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