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D.Maksiuta, L.Moroz, M.Burlaka, Y.Govorushenko / Energy Procedia 00 (2017) 000–000 5 Fig. 3. The flow diagram of the cycle under consideration (where LP and HP – low pressure and high pressure; LT and HT – low temperature and high temperature; CAC – charge air cooler; JW – jacket water; Oil – oil from engine lubrication system) 3.1. Radial-outflow Turbine Design The aforementioned design approach has been implemented in a SoftInWay turbomachinery design / analysis tool AxSTREAM [9,10]. This software was used to design turbines. To obtain the most efficient turbine, the design process was divided in two stages: 1) Preliminary design for the feasibility study which shows the influence of the number of stages on the turbine efficiency 2) Detailed turbine design with the optimal number of stages Generally, enlargement of the turbine stage number will increase efficiency of the entire turbine. However, since in radial-outflow turbine stages are arranged in radial direction, the circumferential velocity of the blades will increase with radius increasing. This, in turn, can lead to an unwanted supersonic velocity and additional total pressure losses. Furthermore, a large circumferential velocity leads to significant increase in the bending stresses on the last stages of the turbine. Obviously for ROT design there exists an optimal number of stages for a given enthalpy drop. Thousands of turbine designs were automatically generated using AxSTREAM’s preliminary design tool. At this step an optimum number of stages was selected. Fig. 4 shows how number of stages affects a turbine’s total-to-static efficiency for considered LPT and HPT. 0.93 0.91 0.89 0.87 0.85 HPT LPT 2 4 6 8 10 Number of stages Fig. 4. Dependence of the efficiency on the turbine stage number The maximum of HPT efficiency corresponds to an eight-staged design. While detailed designing it was found that, in this case, the obtained chord profiles are very small (approximately 2 mm). Such small blades are structurally Efficiency (t-s)PDF Image | radial-outflow turbine type for 3 MW WHR organic Rankine cycle
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