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radial turbine supercritical compressed air energy storage

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radial turbine supercritical compressed air energy storage ( radial-turbine-supercritical-compressed-air-energy-storage )

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18 Proc IMechE Part A: J Power and Energy 0(0) (stage 1) operated under supercritical condition is analyzed. Internal flow structure and loss of the four stages are revealed, and effects of tip clearance on the four radial inflow turbines are also investigated. The following conclusions were obtained: 1. The ideal gas model can qualitatively describe the real flow pattern under supercritical condition, while leading to obvious deviation of isentropic enthalpy drop, entropy, and inlet-to-exit total temperature ratio. Relative differences of mass flow is -0.39%, relative differences of efficiency is -1.70%, and relative differences of output power is -9.36%. 2. For shrouded rotor, mixing of the working fluid near the hub, blade suction surface, and the shroud are the main influencing factors of the flow loss in the rotor. For unshrouded rotor, the leakage vortex, which promote the mixture of the fluid deriving from the hub, shroud, and suction surface, mainly influence the flow loss in the chan- nel of rotor. 3. When the tip clearance height increased from 0% to 4%, it can be found that high entropy region in the four rotors moves to the pressure surface of the adjacent blade. Besides, rotors in stages 2 and 4 present higher efficiency reduction compared to that of the rotors in stages 1 and 3. This is because the rotors in stages 2 and 4 has higher blade height variation rate. Such structural characteristic increases the proportion of tip clearance in blade inlet height, cause more serious leakage flow at leading edge of rotor, and results in more serious pressure fluctuation and higher efficiency reduction. Finally, further profile optimization will be con- ducted in our future work to suppress the flow loss in the stators. Declaration of Conflicting Interests The author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. Funding The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant no. 51522605), National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant no. 51406206), Key Project of Chinese National Programs for Fundamental Research, Development (973 program) (grant no. 2015CB251302), and CAS Interdisciplinary Innovation Team Fund. References 1. Palizban O and Kauhaniemi K. Energy storage systems in modern grids—Matrix of technologies and applica- tions. J Energy Storage 2016; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/ j.est.2016.02.001. 2. Georges Salgi G and Lund H. System behavior of com- pressed-air energy-storage in Denmark with a high penetration of renewable energy sources. Appl Energy 2008; 85: 182–189. 3. Safaei H, Keith DW and Hugo RJ. Compressed air energy storage (CAES) with compressors distributed at heat loads to enable waste heat utilization. Appl Energy 2013; 103: 165–179. 4. Budt M, Wolf D and Span R. A review on compressed air energy storage: Basic principles, past milestones and recent developments. Appl Energy 2016; 170: 250–268. 5. Ma C and Yuan X. Investigation of unsteady flow in a single stage high load radial turbine by 3D RANS simu- lation. J Eng Thermophys 2012; 33: 757–760. 6. Alexin Putra M and Joos F. Investigation of secondary flow behavior in a radial turbine nozzle. J Turbomach 2013; 135: 061003-1–061003-11. 7. Zangeneh-kazemi M, Dawes WN and Hawthorne WR. Three dimensional flow in radial-inflow turbines. In: ASME 1988 international gas turbine and aeroengine congress and exposition, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 6–9 June 1988, paper no. 88-GT-103. 8. Dai R and Chen K. Numerical investigation of the fluid inside radial inflow turbine. Therm Turbine 2004; 33: 184–189. 9. Simpson AT, Spence SWT and Watterson JK. A com- parison of the flow structures and losses within vaned and vaneless stators for radial turbines. J Turbomach 2009; 131: 031010-1–031010-15. 10. Binder N, Le Guyader S and Carbonneau X. Analysis of the variable geometry effect in radial turbines. J Turbomach 2012; 134: 041017-1–041017-9. 11. He P, Sun Z and Guo B. Aerothermal investigation of backface clearance flow in deeply scalloped radial tur- bines. J Turbomach 2013; 135: 021002-1–021002-12. 12. Li H, Deng Q, Fu L, et al. Numerical investigation on three-dimensional complexity flows in a wheel of radial inflow turbine. J Eng Thermophys 2012; 33: 945–948. 13. Li We, Wan Y, Zhang X, et al. Simulation of the flow in a radial inflow turbine of one micro turbine engine. J Changchun Univ Sci Technol 2016; 39: 78–82. 14. Amedick V and Simon H. Numerical simulation of the flow through the rotor of a radial inflow turbine. In: ASME 1997 international gas turbine and aeroengine congress and exhibition, Orlando, FL, USA, 2–5 June 1997, paper no. 97-GT-090. 15. Deng QH, Niu JF and Feng ZP. Effects of rotor blade tip clearance on total aerodynamic performance in a radial inflow turbine. J Eng Thermophys 2006; 27: 408–410. 16. Guo H, Xu YJ and Chen HS. Thermodynamic charac- teristics of a novel supercritical compressed air energy storage system. Energy Convers Manage 2016; 115: 167–177. 17. Larosiliere LM. Navier-Stokes analysis of radial tur- bine rotor performance. NASA Contract Report 191153, 1993. 18. Fu L, Shi Y and Deng Q. Integrated optimization design for a radial turbine wheel of a 100kW-class microturbine. J Eng Gas Turbines Power 2012; 134: 012301-1–012301-8. 19. Okapuu U and Calvert GS. Cooled radial turbine for high power-to-weight applications. J Aircraft 1970; 7: 348–354.

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