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CHAPTER 2: Organic Rankine Cycle – Literature Review Table 2-1 Comparison of ORC with SRC – summery Steam Rankine Cycle (SRC) 1. Working fluid is plentiful and cheap 2. Lower mass flow rate and consequently smaller pump consumption Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) Advantages 1. Versatility in terms of heat sources (solar, geothermal and industrial waste heat) 2. Small size due to high fluid density 3. Alleviation of safety concerns due to low pressure and temperature of organic fluids 4. Low capital and maintenance cost due to the superheated condition after expansion and safe operation of expander 5. Higher condensing pressure and no need for vacuum equipment 6. Simpler expander design (one or two stages) 7.Low temperature heat recovery once- through boiler Drawbacks 1. Uneconomically low thermal efficiency when exhaust steam temperature drops below 370°C 2. Bulky equipment due to high specific volume of steam (Figure 2-6) 3. High capital cost, safety concerns and complex system due to requirements of high temperature and pressure (500°C and 60bar) 4. High maintenance cost due to erosion and corrosion of blades caused by steam droplets 5. Complex multi-stage and bulky expander design 6. Mandatory air removal in a condensing mode with sub-atmospheric pressure 1. Higher mass flow rates and larger pump power consumption 2. Lower efficiency at higher temperatures (above 450°C, (Quoilin 2011)) 23 | P a g ePDF Image | SMALL-SCALE RADIAL INFLOW TURBINE FOR WHR ORC
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