SMALL-SCALE RADIAL INFLOW TURBINE FOR WHR ORC

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SMALL-SCALE RADIAL INFLOW TURBINE FOR WHR ORC ( small-scale-radial-inflow-turbine-for-whr-orc )

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CHAPTER 2: Organic Rankine Cycle – Literature Review 2.6.2. Solar power cycles Solar energy is one of the most promising renewables as it is non-exhaustible, pollution- free and exploitable in most parts of the world. The sun releases 4×1026 W of energy, but the radiation strikes the earth surface at approximately 8×1016 (Rabl 1985). The amount of energy released by sun in one hour (430×1020J) was found to be more than the world’s energy consumption in 2001 (410 x 1020J) (Lewis et al. 2006). Energy from the sun can be utilized in electricity generation directly through PV cells or indirectly through solar thermal power systems. Solar thermal power generation using concentrating collectors is a mature technology. Collectors capture the sun radiation and concentrate it on either a focal line or focal point depending on the type of the collector. This radiant heat is used to heat up the heat transfer fluid that passes through the collectors. ORC is a reliable technology for utilizing such low-grade heat especially in small-scale systems for electricity generation. Figure 2-9 shows the schematic of the solar ORC power cycle. Delgado-Torres et al. (2010) analyzed the energy required by the ORC for a solar driven reverse osmosis desalination. They assessed the performance of twelve organic compounds such as R134a, R227ea, propane and R245ca and four different models of commercially available stationary solar collectors including flat plate, compound parabolic and evacuated tube collectors. They considered both indirect vapor generation using water as the heat transfer fluid and direct vapor generation inside the collectors. The reported results showed that dry fluids require smaller unit aperture area than wet fluids except for ammonia. The minimum solar collector aperture unit area of 10-11 m2/kW was obtained with evacuated tube collector in direct vapor generation method and with solar irradiance of 1000W/m2. 26 | P a g e

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