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CHAPTER 2: Organic Rankine Cycle – Literature Review between 110°C to 120°C the concentration ratio should be limited to 1.75 to 2.25 for high performance. Wang et al. (2014) carried out off-design analysis of a solar-powered ORC using CPC and R245fa as the working fluid. They studied the system’s performance with the change in environment temperature, thermal oil mass flow rate and vapor flow rate in the CPC over a whole day and in different months. The results indicated that a decrease in the environment temperature and thermal oil mass flow rate can improve the performance with the maximum exergy efficiency in December and maximum power in June or September. 2.6.3. Geothermal binary power cycles The geothermal energy (earth’s heat) that is naturally embedded in the deep layers of the earth is a renewable form of energy. It is estimated that the energy stored at depth of 3km from the earth surface is as high as 43,000,000× 1018J (DiPippo 2005). This energy can be exploited by drilling deep wells and transferring the hot brine trapped in the sub-layers to the surface via the production well. Depending on the geographical location the brine temperature varies. However, the average geothermal gradient near the Earth’s surface is about 300K/km (Tchanche et al. 2011). The hot brine can transfer its heat to an organic fluid in the evaporator of the ORC and returns to the injection well at low temperature. Figure 2-10 shows schematic of a geothermal ORC binary power cycle. 28 | P a g ePDF Image | SMALL-SCALE RADIAL INFLOW TURBINE FOR WHR ORC
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