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CHAPTER 2: Organic Rankine Cycle – Literature Review Wang et al. (2010) verified the feasibility of utilizing OTEC combined with solar energy for electricity generation. They studied the effect of turbine inlet temperature and pressure, condenser exit temperature and turbine exit quality on the system efficiency for both dry (i.e. R113, R114, R123) and wet fluids (i.e. R11, R152a, R500). The reported results showed that wet fluids with very steep saturated vapor T-S diagram exhibited better overall performance compared to the dry fluids. Sun et al. (2012) carried out the optimization of exergy efficiency for the ORC used in the OTEC system with ammonia and R134a as the working fluids. The system net power output was achieved based on the ORC characteristics which were mainly dependant on the warm seawater temperature, warm seawater mass flow rate and evaporator and condenser temperatures. Reported results showed that ammonia is a better choice if maximizing the net power output is the priority. Furthermore, it was suggested that in small- scales, the selection of heat exchangers size should correspond to the choking point for the maximum net power output. Jung et al. (2014) studied the feasibility of the combined OTEC systems which uses the latent heat from the exhaust of a SRC instead of ocean warm surface water. They suggested that such system is advantageous as the OTEC heat source can always be kept at 32 °C. Selection of working fluid, thermodynamic analysis and the impact on the topping SRC when providing steam to the ORC were the main outcomes of this study. Results showed that, this system can improve the condenser vacuum, reduce the pump power consumption and reduce the temperature of discharge side. Due to the excessive pressure levels and safety concerns of the supercritical ORC systems, majority of the studies explained in this chapter considered the subcritical ORC configuration either with the simple or recuperated layout (Figure 2-1 and 2.3). Therefore, for a subcritical ORC system the maximum evaporation temperature is dictated by the critical temperature of the organic working fluid. The ORC evaporation temperature is classified into three categories 36 | P a g ePDF Image | SMALL-SCALE RADIAL INFLOW TURBINE FOR WHR ORC
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