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CHAPTER 2: Organic Rankine Cycle – Literature Review 2.7.1. Scroll expander Scroll compressors have been extensively used in the air-conditioning and refrigeration industry over the past few decades with the total production of 100 million since 2006 (Song et al. 2015). Currently, the majority of scroll expanders that are utilized in the low-grade WHR with the ORC are the modified versions of the scroll compressors that are not designed specifically for the ORC operating conditions. This deficiency has led to remarkable performance deviation between the experimental and theoretical results due to major loss factors such as under and over expansion, friction losses, internal leakage, flow pressure drop and heat losses (Lemort et al. 2012). Scroll expanders are categorized into three main types as hermetic refrigeration compressor, automotive air-conditioning compressor and open drive air compressor which are depicted in Figure 2-15 (Song et al. 2015). In general, scroll expander combines two spiral wraps in which one is fixed and the other rotates. When the orbiting direction of the moving wrap coincides with the fixed wrap the space in between the two decreases and they work as a compressor. If the rotating direction is reversed, the volume in between the two wraps increases and they work as an expander. In other words, the expansion is generated by the increase in the volume between the two wraps (built-in volume ratio). Figure 2-16 details the working principle of the scroll expander. Saitoh et al. (2007) carried out the experimental study of a low-temperature solar ORC with scroll expander, CPC and R113 as the working fluid. They assessed the performance of the ORC using both hot water and actual solar radiation as the heating medium. Results of the former case showed that the ORC and scroll expander efficiencies of 12% and 63% were achieved respectively. 38 | P a g ePDF Image | SMALL-SCALE RADIAL INFLOW TURBINE FOR WHR ORC
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