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CHAPTER 2: Organic Rankine Cycle – Literature Review Twomey et al. (2013) performed the dynamic modelling of scroll expander with R134a as the working fluid for a small-scale solar ORC in which the model parameters were calibrated experimentally. The validation of scroll expander model showed agreement within ±10% of shaft power and ±5% of rotational speed. For 50m2 of collector area, the ORC and scroll expander efficiencies were reported as 3.47% and 59% with the total power of 676W. They suggested that the produced power can be consumed during the peak load by utilization of a solar storage. 2.7.2. Screw expander Screw expanders have been used as expansion devices in ORC plants, especially for geothermal and waste heat applications (Bao et al. 2013). Screw expander consists of a pair of meshing helical rotors, a male and a female rotor, contained in a casing which surrounds them with clearances in the order of 50μm (Qiu et al. 2011) where such tight clearance significantly increases the cost of the manufacturing. The expansion process in screw expanders has three phases in which at first the inlet high pressure working fluid enter the space between the two rotors and commences the rotation (intake) then the tooth-spacing volume starts to increase due to the pressure of the fluid and creates power as the two meshing rotors rotate (expansion) and finally when the tooth-spacing volume is connected to the outlet the exhaust begins until the tooth-spacing volume reaches zero (exhaust). Figure 2-17 details the working principle of the screw expander. 40 | P a g ePDF Image | SMALL-SCALE RADIAL INFLOW TURBINE FOR WHR ORC
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