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CHAPTER 2: Organic Rankine Cycle – Literature Review profile fitting in the rotary vane expander. Qiu et al. (2012) carried out the experimental investigation of a biomass-fired ORC with rotary vane expander using HFE7000 and HFE7100 as the working fluids. The total electrical efficiency of 1.41% and net power of 861W were achieved under the investigated operating conditions with maximum expander efficiency of 55.45%. Cipollone et al. (2014) investigated the performance of the rotary vane expander experimentally with R236fa as the working fluid. The experiments were conducted both at design and off-design operating conditions with the maximum cycle efficiency and power of 7.6% and 1.5kW respectively. 2.7.5. Turbo-expanders (axial flow and radial inflow turbines) Turbines are devices that convert kinetic energy of a continuously flowing fluid to the mechanical energy of shaft by the dynamic action of a set of moving blades. Turbines are classified as axial flow and radial inflow based on their flow path as shown in Figure 2-20. The obvious difference between the two is that in the radial inflow turbine (RIT) there is significant change in the mean radius between the turbine inlet and exit while for axial flow there is only a minimal change in the mean radius, if any. Such radius change in the RIT produces lossless Coriolis force that creates additional specific power than an equivalent axial turbine. Due to this, RIT requires smaller and/or fewer stages compared to the axial flow turbine which reduces the cost and enhance the compactness. Hence, RIT is particularly attractive for small-scale units with low flow rates but higher expansion ratios (higher specific power output), whereas axial flow turbines are suitable for high power capacities (more than 500kWE) with large mass flow rates and low expansion ratios. 44 | P a g ePDF Image | SMALL-SCALE RADIAL INFLOW TURBINE FOR WHR ORC
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