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CHAPTER 3: Methodology for Developing Radial Inflow Turbine (RIT) ππ = π4 β π5,π‘ππ + π4 + π5 Equation 3-43 2 3.5.4.3. Secondary loss Local flow circulations imposed on the main flow (secondary flows) almost inevitably occur in the RIT due to the simultaneous radius change in the meridional plane and strong pressure gradient in the blade-to-blade plane. The associated secondary loss is calculated with Equation 3-44 (Rodgers et al. 1987). Equation 3-44 π₯hπ ππππππππ¦ = 4 4 3.5.4.4. Tip clearance loss πΆ2π ππ πππ‘ππ π Due to the necessary running clearance (gap) between the rotor tip and casing (Figure 3-6) some of the flow is leaked through the gap from the pressure surface to the suction surface without utilizing its kinetic energy to create mechanical work. The clearance loss is obtained by Equation 3-45 (Baines 2003). π₯hπ‘ππ πππππππππ = π3π 4 πππ‘ππ (0.4ππ₯πΆπ₯ + 0.75πππΆπ β 0.3βππ₯πππΆπ₯πΆπ) Equation 3-45 Equation 3-46 Equation 3-47 8π 1 β (π5,π‘ππ) πΆπ₯ = π4 πΆπ,4π4 πΆπ = (π5,π‘ππ) ππππ‘ππ,π₯ β π4 π4 πΆπ,5π5π5 Where Ξ΅x and Ξ΅r are the axial and radial tip clearances and are considered to be equal throughout this thesis. ππ₯ = ππ = ππ = 0.04(π5) Equation 3-48 3.5.4.5. Exit kinetic loss Exit kinetic loss is the enthalpy drop due to the wasted kinetic energy of exhaust which has not been completely converted into the shaft mechanical work (utilization of diffuser can reduce such loss). Equation 3-49 is used to determine the exit kinetic loss. 73 | P a g ePDF Image | SMALL-SCALE RADIAL INFLOW TURBINE FOR WHR ORC
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