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CHAPTER 3: Methodology for Developing Radial Inflow Turbine (RIT) In contrast, Figure 3-9(b) shows that the effect of Tt,1 is limited as increasing Tt,1 from 323K to 473K reduces stage efficiency only by 1.5%, while, increasing Pt,1 from 150kPa to 400kPa is more considerable as it reduces stage efficiency by 3.5% . Figure 3-10 shows that power and efficiency are increasing as the mass flow rate increases. This is directly related to the relation between mass flow rate and power as shown in Equation 3-14 with constant enthalpy drop. Moreover, at higher mass flow rates the temperature drop across the turbine is increasing leading to higher efficiency levels with constant expansion ratio (ERts) as illustrated by Equation 3-18. However, rotor inlet diameter is independent of mass flow rate variation. It is only for the stage total-to-static efficiency and at lowest ERts of 1.5 that the effect of increasing the flow rate is limited. As depicted in Figure 3-10(a) power is increasing as the ERts increases because of the larger actual enthalpy drop across the turbine, however, higher ERts of 3 will have the adverse effect of reducing the stage total-to-static efficiency (Figure 3-10(b)) and increasing the rotor diameter (Figure 3-10(c)). This is due to the fact that at larger d4 the wetted blade surface in contact with the fluid increases considerably resulting in larger friction loss and hence reduces the efficiency. It is evident from Figure 3-11 that there exists an optimum condition that yields highest power and efficiency at the velocity ratio (ν) of about 0.7. Such behaviour is one of the main characteristics of RIT and the results in Figures Figure 3-11(a) and (b) are in accordance with (Meitner et al. 1983, Whitfield et al. 1990, Dixon et al. 2010). Moreover, these results illustrate that both power and efficiency are a strong function of ν as increasing ν from 0.6 to 0.9 reduces both efficiency and power by about 33% and 37.5% respectively. In contrast, efficiency and power are a weak function of rotational speed (ω) since the lines of constant ω fall in a narrow region and for preliminary turbine design they can be approximated as a single line. 78 | P a g ePDF Image | SMALL-SCALE RADIAL INFLOW TURBINE FOR WHR ORC
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