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CHAPTER 3: Methodology for Developing Radial Inflow Turbine (RIT) 3.6.3. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis 3.6.3.1. CFD setup and turbulence modelling The computational mesh was constructed automatically via structured hexagonal elements (mostly based on O-H grid). In depth grid independence study was carried out and described in the next section. The 3-D RANS equations were solved using the high resolution advection scheme with the shear stress transport (SST) turbulent flow model. The advantage of using SST turbulent flow model compared with others is the capability of automatic near-wall treatment for locating the first node away from the wall (Y+) that captures the turbulence closure. Inlet total temperature and pressure were set as the boundary conditions at the nozzle inlet (assuming negligible losses in the casing) while static pressure was set at the rotor outlet and it was assumed that the upstream flow approaches the nozzle in the perpendicular direction (radial axis). A mixing plane model (stage interface) was applied at the nozzle-rotor interface to provide communication across the stationary and rotating blade row domains. Such model performs a circumferentially averaging of the fluxes through bands on the interface. The CFD analyses were conducted for one rotor blade passage and two nozzle blade passages to obtain the pitch angle ratio of around unity and results are assumed to represent the complete nozzle and rotor wheels due to the periodicity. The nozzle domain has no tip clearance while the rotor domain includes a tip clearance of 0.56mm obtained from the mean-line modelling which according to (Dixon et al. 2010) is a suitable value that can be obtained by current manufacturing techniques. In addition, all the walls are assumed to be smooth, adiabatic with no-slip conditions. The CFX solver convergence criterion was set to 10-5 for all the residuals (RMS) with the physical timescale of 0.5/ω as suggested in the CFX user’s manual and all the analyses were carried out at the steady state condition. The CFD analyses were conducted 88 | P a g ePDF Image | SMALL-SCALE RADIAL INFLOW TURBINE FOR WHR ORC
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