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CHAPTER 4: Manufacturing and Experimental Testing of the Developed Compressed Air RIT At the same time, the CFD model of the complete turbine assembly (casing, full nozzle ring and full rotor wheel) developed in section 3.6.3.6 was employed to validate the accuracy of the CFD simulations. The same turbulence model, convergence criteria and boundary conditions were applied to the model. The measured turbine inlet total pressure and temperature were specified at the casing inlet duct while the measured static pressure was specified at the rotor exit and the measured rotational speed was specified to the rotor wheel. The CFD simulations were conducted for all experimental data points and the results are overlaid on Figure 4-12 to 4-16 for comparison. As it is evident from the results, the turbine efficiency is more affected by the rotational speed while the turbine power output is considerably affected by both the turbine expansion ratio as well as the rotational speed. Moreover, in all of the investigated datapoints,theCFDsimulationswereover-predictingthepowerandefficiency. Such feature can be attributed to a series of factors as: I. Surface roughness of the manufactured turbine blade compared to almost smooth blade assumption in CFD simulations. II. Exclusion of the rotor back plate flow leakage (windage loss) in CFD compared to the actual experimental conditions. III. Steady state simulation with CFD while the actual experiment had slightly transient behaviour. IV. Mechanical losses in bearings (two sided rubber seal bearings were used to minimize flow leakage) which reduced the power output of the experimental results compared to CFD. 149 | P a g ePDF Image | SMALL-SCALE RADIAL INFLOW TURBINE FOR WHR ORC
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