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CHAPTER 5: Mean-line Modelling and Optimization of Organic RIT and Integration with Cycle Analysis Programme Pt,1< 106 (Pa). This value was set to avoid excessive pressure and alleviate safety concerns as the system was aimed for small-scale (i.e. domestic) applications. P5> 105 (Pa). This value was set to prevent air or water contamination in the condenser and alleviate additional complexities from the ORC (no vacuum equipment). 293K < T6 < 313K. This range was set for the efficient performance of the condenser with the minimum thermal losses. Wnet<10kW. Suitable for small-scale DPG systems. 5.7. Parametric studies 5.7.1. Parametric studies with ORC-RIT model Prior to the optimization, it was vital to conduct comprehensive parametric studies using the integrated ORC-RIT model (Figure 5-5) to investigate the effect of input variables (Table 5-2 and 5.3) on the defined OFs and the turbine overall size. These studies were based on simultaneous variation of the two input parameters in the range shown in the same tables, while keeping the other variables as constants. Figures Figure 5-7 to 5.12 show the output of such parametric studies using R245fa as the working fluid. Figure 5-7 presents the effect of flow (φ) and loading (ψ) coefficients on the cycle thermal efficiency (ηthermal,cycle), turbine stage total-to-static efficiency (ηstage,ts), and the turbine overall diameter (dmax), As it is evident, the effect of ψ is remarkable on all outputs. Increasing ψ from 0.8 to 1.5, increases ηthermal,cycle and ηstage,ts by 1.5% and 12% respectively while it reduces dmax by maximum value of 19.8%. This is directly related to Equation 5-10 where increasing ψ resulted in larger actual enthalpy drop with constant rotational speed and consequently larger ηthermal,cycle and ηstage,ts (with fixed Δhideal) and smaller dmax were achieved. 175 | P a g ePDF Image | SMALL-SCALE RADIAL INFLOW TURBINE FOR WHR ORC
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