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CHAPTER 5: Mean-line Modelling and Optimization of Organic RIT and Integration with Cycle Analysis Programme This also highlights the advantages of employing rotor with non-zero inlet blade angle which allows obtaining large ψ values and more compact turbine while preserving the optimum incidence. In contrast, increasing φ is detrimental to ηthermal,cycle and ηstage,ts as increasing φ from 0.15 to 0.5 led to reduction in ηthermal,cycle and ηstage,ts by up to 2.2% and 17.9% respectively. Increasing φ led to larger absolute meridional velocity at rotor exit (Cm5) according to Equation 5-9. The larger the Cm5, the larger the exit kinetic loss (Equation 3-49) and consequently lower turbine efficiency (ηstage,ts) was achieved. Since Δhisentropic was fixed by the constant Tt,1 and ERts , reduction in ηstage,ts results in smaller actual enthalpy drop and consequently led to smaller Wnet and ηthermal,cycle according to EquationsEquation 5-7, 5-8, 5-16 and 5-17. It is clear from Figure 5-7(b) that there exists an optimum value for φ in the region of 0.2 to 0.3. Such results are in agreement with the generalized performance correlations charts reported in (Baines 2003, Dixon et al. 2010). On the other hand, increasing φ has the advantage of reducing dmax by a maximum value of 5.4% revealing the conflict between dmax and the other two performance parameters. The effect of working fluid mass flow rate (𝑚̇ 𝒘𝒇) and expansion ratio (ERts) on ηthermal,cycle, ηstage,ts and dmax are substantial as depicted in Figure 5-8. With the rise of 𝑚̇ 𝒘𝒇, the actual enthalpy drop (Δhactual) and Wturbine increased leading to larger ηstage,ts and then variation of ηthermal,cycle can be immediately related to Equations Equation 5-8, 5-16 and 5-17. Even though the cycle heat input (Qin) increased with larger 𝑚̇ 𝒘𝒇, Equation 5-6 , the rise in Wturbine was dominant over the rise in Qin and led to higher ηthermal,cycle as illustrated in Figure 5-8(a). Similarly, with higher Δhactual larger r4 is achieved based on Equation 5-10. Conservation of mass at the rotor inlet achieved larger rotor inlet width (b4) and larger nozzle exit radius (r3) based on Equation 3-27. Therefore, larger dmax was achieved as shown in Figure 5-8(c). 177 | P a g ePDF Image | SMALL-SCALE RADIAL INFLOW TURBINE FOR WHR ORC
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