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CHAPTER 5: Mean-line Modelling and Optimization of Organic RIT and Integration with Cycle Analysis Programme Following the above discussion, b4 was reduced with larger Tt,1 and the rotor tip clearance became a large fraction of inlet height and consequently resulted in large tip clearance loss (Equation 3-45) and reduced ηstage,ts as shown in Figure 5-9 (b). At the same time, as Tt,1 increased the pump outlet pressure (Pt,1=P7) was also increased (since ERts was kept constant) while the pump inlet density (ρ6) was reduced because of the higher condenser saturation temperature (T6). The combined effects of P7 and ρ6 increased Wpump based on Equation 5-5. Consequently, with smaller ηstage,ts and larger Wpump the cycle thermal efficiency was reduced at temperatures above 353K as shown in Figure 5-9(a). Moreover, the effect of ΔTsuperheat was very limited on all investigated outputs as it is evident in Figure 5-9. Figure 5-10 depicts the effects of rotational speed (ω) and absolute meridional velocity ratio (ξ) on ηthermal,cycle, ηstage,ts and dmax. As shown in Figure 5-10 (c), the effect of ω is substantial on dmax. Increasing RPM from 30000 to 80000 reduced dmax by about 55%. Recalling Equation 5-10 and with constant ψ, the rotor inlet radius (r4) is inversely proportional to ω and increasing RPM reduced r4 and consequently dmax. With smaller r4, the associated turbine friction and secondary losses were reduced (Equations Equation 3-37 and 3.44) leading to larger ηstage,ts. With fixed Δhideal, higher ηstage,ts resulted in larger Wnet and consequently higher ηthermal,cycle as shown in Figure 5-10 (a). In contrast, the effect of ξ was limited on all investigated parameters with maximum variation of about 2% for ηstage,ts. Figure 5-11 shows the effects of the rotor exit absolute flow angle (α5) and the ratio of rotor hub radius at the exit to the rotor radius at the inlet (r5,hub/r4) on ηstage,ts and dmax. As shown in Figure 5-11(a), slightly better performance was achieved at smaller (negative) α5. 181 | P a g ePDF Image | SMALL-SCALE RADIAL INFLOW TURBINE FOR WHR ORC
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