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CHAPTER 5: Mean-line Modelling and Optimization of Organic RIT and Integration with Cycle Analysis Programme This is due to the fact that at smaller (negative) α5 and with fixed 𝑚̇ 𝒘𝒇 and ERts, the rotor exit area (A5) was increased leading to smaller absolute meridional velocity at rotor exit (Cm5) and consequently smaller exit loss according to Equation 3-49. Figure 5-12 presents the effect of nozzle inlet to nozzle exit radii ratio (r2/r3) on ηstage,ts and dmax. It is clear that, dmax was linearly proportional to r2/r3 shown in stage configuration (Figure 3-2). Increasing r2/r3 resulted in larger nozzle hydraulic length (Equation 3-54) and therefore larger nozzle friction loss, though, ηstage,ts was a weak function of r2/r3 as shown in Figure 5-12. 5.7.2. Effect of ORC standalone model with constant turbine efficiency on the parametric study results The ORC standalone model developed in section 5.3 was compared with the integrated ORC-RIT model developed in section 5.4 to highlight deficiency of assuming constant turbine efficiency while preforming similar parametric studies as in section 5.7.1. The same values of ERts (5) and 𝑚̇ 𝒘𝒇 (0.1kg/s) were assigned to both models while varying Tt,1 and ΔTsuperheat and the results are presented in Figure 5-13. As it is evident there exist considerable deviation in ηthermal,cycle of the two models with the maximum difference of about 2% at the turbine inlet temperature of 423K and maximum difference of 15.02% (80% - 64.98%) in the turbine efficiency (refer to Figure 5-9(a)). Moreover, the point of optimum cycle efficiency has been shifted from the inlet temperature of about 353K in ORC-RIT model to about 383K in the ORC standalone model. The same procedure was repeated for the rest of fluids in Table 5-1 and the results are only presented for the maximum difference between the two models as summarized in Figure 5-14 (the upper boundary of temperature (Tt,1) was specified to be close to the critical point for each individual fluid). 184 | P a g ePDF Image | SMALL-SCALE RADIAL INFLOW TURBINE FOR WHR ORC
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