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CHAPTER 5: Mean-line Modelling and Optimization of Organic RIT and Integration with Cycle Analysis Programme There is substantial variation between ηthermal,cycle of the two models with the maximum difference of about 2.5% at the turbine inlet temperature of 403K for isobutane. Similar parametric studies were conducted for ERts and 𝑚̇ 𝒘𝒇 while keeping Tt,1 and ΔTsuperheat as constants and the results are shown in Figure 5-15. There exist a maximum difference of 3.42% in ηthermal,cycle of the two models at ERts=10 and 𝑚̇ 𝒘𝒇=0.03kg/s. Clearly, the predicted difference in ηthermal,cycle by the two models is substantial specially at high ERts and low 𝑚̇ 𝒘𝒇 which are in fact the typical operating conditions of the small- scale ORC systems. This is due to the fact that at the low 𝑚̇ 𝒘𝒇 and high ERts the turbine efficiency drops drastically (Figure 5-8(b)) leading to reduction in ηthermal,cycle. The same procedure was repeated for the rest of working fluids in Table 5-1 and the results are only presented for the maximum difference between the two models as presented in Figure 5-16 with a maximum difference of about 4.65% for R134a. Such results underline the deficiencies of assuming constant turbine efficiency and the inaccuracies in the cycle analysis results. 5.8. GA optimization results and candidate configuration As shown in section 5.7.1 all of the investigated ORC-RIT model input parameters as φ, ψ, 𝑚̇ 𝒘𝒇, ERts, Tt,1, ΔTsuperheat, ω, ξ, α5, r5,tip/r4 and r2/r3 have considerable effects on at least one of the defined OFs and were included in the constrained optimization with the GA. 5.8.1. GA control parameters Three control operators, as the number of populations, number of generations and mutation rate are used in the GA in which the first two are considered as the most important ones. A sensitivity analysis was conducted to decide on the number of populations and number of generations while the mutation rate was set to 0.2 in all studies 187 | P a g ePDF Image | SMALL-SCALE RADIAL INFLOW TURBINE FOR WHR ORC
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