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CHAPTER 5: Mean-line Modelling and Optimization of Organic RIT and Integration with Cycle Analysis Programme From the results in TablesTable 5-5 and 5-6, the optimized Pt,1 and Tt,1 are almost the same for both models. Moreover, with Pt,1< 106 (Pa) constraint, the obtained Tt,1 for all fluids in both models is very close to the saturation temperature at 10bar in order to maximize ηthermal,cycle within specified constraints. It is clear from Table 5-6 that majority of fluids have ψ values in excess of unity leading to highly loaded and small turbine, while for the rest of fluids such value is very close to the optimum of 0.918 as suggested by Baines 2003. The values of φ are in the range of 0.157 to 0.239 which is the high efficiency region as illustrated in Figure 5-7 (a). Majority of fluids have φ value very close to the optimum of 0.215 as suggested by Baines 2003 and Dixon et al. 2010. Furthermore, almost all the investigated fluids have α5 values very close to zero to minimize the exit kinetic loss and hence higher isentropic efficiency. From the optimization results in Tables Table 5-7 and 5-8 it is clear that all of the investigated fluids had very strong real-gas behaviour at the turbine inlet as their Zcompressibility was far from unity and confirms the rational of solving algorithm based on the real-gas formulation. Moreover, the values of Ns and υ varied between 0.152 to 0.3641 and 0.549 to 0.661 respectively. For majority of fluids these values are in the optimal range of turbine efficiency as suggested by the generalized performance correlation charts for Ns and υ reported in (Baines 2003, Aungier 2006, Dixon et al. 2010). This confirms the validity of the optimization approach developed in this thesis to achieve highly efficient turbines. Furthermore, the values of Ns in Table 5-8 justify the exclusion of the diffuser from the analysis. Following the discussion in (Moustapha et al. 2003), for Ns values significantly lower than 0.7, which is the case of present thesis, the gain of using the diffuser is much less and implementation of the diffuser requires an economic analysis which is beyond the scope of this thesis. Among the investigated fluids, hydrocarbons led to larger turbine sizes due to their larger enthalpy drop across the turbine. Figure 5-18 195 | P a g ePDF Image | SMALL-SCALE RADIAL INFLOW TURBINE FOR WHR ORC
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