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CHAPTER 5: Mean-line Modelling and Optimization of Organic RIT and Integration with Cycle Analysis Programme Because the temperature and pressure of the working fluid in the 2nd stage were lower than that of 1st stage, the flow velocity grew more slowly than the sound speed and hence there was more room to expand in the 2nd stage before reaching the imposed constraint on Ma4. Clearly there exists about 7.95% relative improvement in ηthermal,cycle when comparing the results of ηthermal,cycle in Tables Table 5-8 and 5-10 for R245fa. Considering that the maximum achievable ηthermal,cycle between the heat source temperature of 93.7 ̊C and heat sink temperature of 20 ̊C is 20.09% (based on Carnot ideal cycle), such improvement in ηthermal,cycle is equivalent to about 4.4% increase when compared to maximum achievable ηthermal,cycle. Therefore, such novel dual-stage transonic organic RIT configuration is advantageous to both alleviate the complex fluid dynamics and degradation of turbine efficiency due to shock losses and also increase ηthermal,cycle for maximum utilization of waste heat. 5.10. Correlations for optimum isentropic efficiency and size of single-stage organic RIT using regression analysis The proposed methodology for integrated modelling of ORC with organic RIT based on real-gas formulation and coupled with GA optimization proved to be effective for accurate performance estimation of the ORC. Such approach was employed to obtain new correlations based on linear regression analysis to estimate the maximum turbine isentropic efficiency (ηstage,ts) and the corresponding optimum turbine size (d4 and dmax) without performing the complete turbine modelling process. Instead, using only few non- dimensional design parameters, ηstage,ts can be estimated with good accuracy based on the imposed operating conditions and explicitly from the turbine losses. To achieve such correlations, the ORC-RIT model with the same inputs and ranges as in sections 5.3 and 5.4 and GA control operators and constraints (except for Qin to extend the generality of the correlations for small-scale applications) as in sections 5.6.1 206 | P a g ePDF Image | SMALL-SCALE RADIAL INFLOW TURBINE FOR WHR ORC
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