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CHAPTER 6: Three-Dimensional CFD Optimization of the Dual-Stage Organic RIT For the ORC systems where the heat source is supplied by renewables (i.e. solar energy or geothermal heat), it is typical for the system to operate under off-design conditions most of the times for example due to the seasonal variations or environmental changes. Therefore, to assess the performance of the ORC RIT at off-design conditions, CFD simulations were conducted for each stage individually using the optimized rotor geometries. The turbine rotational speed was varied from 40% to 100% of the design speed (60078.24rpm) while the expansion ratio was changed from 1.2 to 3.5 for each stage. The off-design CFD simulations results are presented in Figures Figure 6-23 and 6.24 for stage one and two respectively. For each stage the design point is equivalent to the highest efficiency as it is evident in FiguresFigure 6-23(a) and 6.24(a) and highlights the effectiveness and reliability of the mean-line and CFD optimizations. At the design rotational speed, stage one exhibited fairly uniform efficiency over a wide range of expansion ratios. But as the rotational speed decreases the maximum efficiency moves toward lower expansion ratios for both stages. Moreover, from the results in Figures Figure 6-23(b) and 6.24(b) the design point of each stage was very close to the choking conditions due to the low sound speed of R245fa, but to obtain the required power output and hence maximizing ηthermal,cycle such conditions were unavoidable. In addition, as the turbine rotational speed reduces the mass flow rate increases at the same expansion ratio which usually observed in the RIT off-design conditions reported by (Baines 2003, Aungier 2006, Dixon et al. 2010). 245 | P a g ePDF Image | SMALL-SCALE RADIAL INFLOW TURBINE FOR WHR ORC
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