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CHAPTER 6: Three-Dimensional CFD Optimization of the Dual-Stage Organic RIT shown in Figure 6-39(b) while for the lower rotational speeds it was chocked at high expansion ratios. The mass flow rate was increased at the same expansion ratio while the rotational speed was reduced as depicted in the same figure. Moreover, at all off-design conditions the turbine power output was increased with the rise of the expansion ratio and at the design point the turbine produced a maximum power of 2.436kW as shown in Figure 6-39(c). Using the turbine performance parameters (i.e. power, efficiency and mass flow rate) at the design point (Figure 6-39) and setting those as inputs to the ORC standalone code (developed in chapter five) resulted in the cycle thermal efficiency of 13.19% compared to 11.94% obtained from the mean-line optimization (refer to Table 5-10) with relative improvement of 10.46%. Such results highlights the potential and effectiveness of the 3-D CFD optimization approach performed in this chapter to further improve the ORC performance. Utilizing the turbine performance parameters as the turbine isentropic efficiency, expansion ratio, power output and mass flow rate from Figure 6-39 and inserting them into the ORC-standalone code (chapter 5), the ORC off- design performance can be obtained as shown in Figure 6-40. As it is evident in Figure 6-40 (a), the ORC thermal efficiency is fairly uniform over a wide range of expansion ratios especially for ERts greater than 5. Such results exhibit good ORC off-design performance even if the heat source is supplied by the renewables such as solar or geothermal heats which significantly affected by the environmental changes. Such trend can be attributed to the fairly uniform off-design performance of the dual-stage organic RIT that was shown in Figure 6-39 (a). Apparently, the larger the ERts and rotational speed the larger the ORC net power output as presented in Figure 6-40 (b). Such results are substantially beneficial for assessing the system performance, component selection and cost analysis as well as integrating the ORC system with a topping cycle (cascading). The maximum obtained ORC thermal efficiency of 13.19% (at the cycle design point) is 260 | P a g ePDF Image | SMALL-SCALE RADIAL INFLOW TURBINE FOR WHR ORC
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