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CHAPTER 7: Conclusions and Recommendations for Future Work underlined the effectiveness of the proposed methodology and showed that the CFD model can be used as benchmarking model for analyses of small-scale RITs with good accuracy. Screening of twelve organic fluids (both hydrocarbons and refrigerants) by extending the developed mean-line model for organic RITs showed that, the ideal-gas formulation was not satisfactory as the fluids exhibited strong real-gas behaviour at the turbine inlet with compressibility factors considerably lower than unity (about 0.8) and necessitated the use of real-gas equations both in mean-line modelling and CFD simulation. The proposed integrated mean-line modelling of organic RIT with the ORC analysis code based on real-gas formulation and coupled with genetic algorithm (GA) optimization technique proved to be very effective as it not only captured the real-gas behaviour of the organic fluids but also replaced the constant turbine efficiency with a dynamic efficiency that was unique for each set of cycle operating conditions and working fluid properties and ensured the optimum combination of input parameters that led to maximum cycle thermal efficiency (global optimum). Parametric studies with the ORC-RIT model showed that the ηthermal,cycle, ηstage,ts and dmax were all affected by the variations of Tt,1, 𝑚̇ , ERts, ω, φ and ψ. Comparing the parametric study results of the ORC standalone model (with constant turbine efficiency assumption) with ORC-RIT model exhibited that there were significant differences in the ηthermal,cycle of all investigated organic fluids especially at high ERts and low 𝑚̇ 𝒘𝒇 with the maximum difference of 4.65% for R134a. Such operating conditions were in fact typical for small-scale ORC systems and at such conditions ηstage,ts dropped drastically leading to reduction in ηthermal,cycle. This critical feature was 268 | P a g ePDF Image | SMALL-SCALE RADIAL INFLOW TURBINE FOR WHR ORC
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