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CHAPTER 7: Conclusions and Recommendations for Future Work It was shown that, thermodynamically the larger the pressure difference (expansion ratio) across the cycle the higher the ηthermal,cycle. But the larger the expansion ratio across the turbine the larger the Mach number and turbine size and hence the larger the supersonic and friction losses respectively that deteriorated the ηstage,ts. Such results underlined the challenges regarding the development of an efficient small- scale RIT for ORC applications and revealed the reasoning for the maximum expansion ratio of 7 in majority of the published studies. Therefore, in this thesis a novel transonic dual-stage organic RIT was proposed using R245fa as the working fluid (due to its competetive performance, cost and availability) that not only preserved high ηstage,ts but also maintained the high expansion ratio of 10 and consequently led to high ηthermal,cycle. Such configuration resulted in 7.95% relative improvement in ηthermal,cycle when comparing the single-stage supersonic RIT with dual-stage transonic RIT both operating with R245fa. Therefore, such configuration proved to be advantageous as it both alleviated the complex fluid dynamics and degradation of ηstage,ts due to shock losses while it increased ηthermal,cycle for maximum utilization of waste heat. The developed correlations based on linear regression analysis proved to be effective as they could predict with good accuracy the maximum obtainable ηstage,ts and the corresponding turbine size for a wide range of operating conditions and working fluids. Such correlations used only few key design parameters without the need of knowledge of working fluid properties or the need for performing the complete turbine design procedure. Replacing the constant ηstage,ts assumption with the developed correlation for ηstage,ts in the ORC standalone model showed that the differences in ηthermal,cycle of the ORC standalone model and ORC-RIT model were reduced considerably for majority of investigated fluids. The maximum difference in 270 | P a g ePDF Image | SMALL-SCALE RADIAL INFLOW TURBINE FOR WHR ORC
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