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CHAPTER 7: Conclusions and Recommendations for Future Work ηthermal,cycle was reduced to 0.89% for R365mfc compared to the 1.4% for n-pentane when assuming constant ηstage,ts. More importantly, the ranking order of the fluids was exactly the same in the ORC standalone model using the developed correlation for ηstage,ts compared to the ORC-RIT model. Such results highlighted that the developed correlations can be used in general optimization procedures of the ORC systems to further improve the performance estimation and working fluid selection. Conducting the 3D CFD optimization of the dual-stage transonic RIT operating with R245fa based on OSF DOE, Kriging Meta-model and GA optimization algorithm was very effective as it improved the stage one and stage two ηstage,ts by 9.2% and 10.5% respectively while increasing the power by 11.4% and 13.4%. Such results showed that the parametrization of the rotor blade geometry was crucial in achieving such improvements and the approach employed in the thesis provided enough flexibility for the optimizer to effectively search for the best geometry. Moreover, it was shown that both the blade camber angle profile as well as the meridional channel shape were responsible for the improvements in ηstage,ts by assessing the flow field in terms of velocity vectors and entropy distribution. Conducting the off-design CFD simulations for a wide range of expansion ratios and rotational speeds for each stage individually as well as the complete dual-stage RIT revealed that in all cases the design point was equivalent to the highest efficiency point and highlighted the effectiveness and reliability of both mean-line and CFD optimizations. Furthermore, the CFD simulations of the dual-stage RIT exhibited fairly uniform ηstage,ts over a wide range of expansion ratios (good off-design performance) with the maximum ηstage,ts of 87.12% and maximum power of 2.436kW achieved at the design operating point. Such results led to cycle thermal efficiency of 271 | P a g ePDF Image | SMALL-SCALE RADIAL INFLOW TURBINE FOR WHR ORC
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