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PRACTICAL CYCLE DESIGN For a practical development of 10 kW Brayton cryocooler, the following assumptions are made in this cycle analysis and design. 1 The adiabatic efficiency of compressor and expander is 75%. 2 The exit temperature of after-cooler is 300 K. 3 The minimum temperature difference between the warm and cold streams is 5 K for HX1 and 1.5 K for HX2. 4 The pressure drop in each stream is 50 kPa for HX1 and 20 kPa for HX2 and after- cooler. 5 In case of two-stage compression, the intermediate pressure is determined to minimize the total compressor work. 6 The heat leak from ambient is negligible. It is noted in 3 that HX1 is highly effective (97~98%) for efficient regeneration, but HX2 is reasonably effective (82~85%) for compactness of LN cooling. Since the temperature difference and pressure drop are complicatedly coupled to each other, the values in 3 and 4 may be modified iteratively with detailed specifications of heat exchangers. The minimum temperature point (so-called the pinch point) may be the warm end, the cold end, or in the middle of heat exchanger, depending on the flow rate and operating pressure. In order to incorporate the real gas properties of helium or neon, and solve the systems of equations simultaneously, a commercial process simulator Aspen HYSYS (Version 7.1) is used in this study. There are 12 unknowns in this cycle analysis, including the flow rate of refrigerant and the temperature and pressure at 6 points except T3 (given at 300 K). The total number of equations is 10, counting 2 for the energy balance of HX1 and HX2, 2 for the adiabatic efficiency of the compressor and expander, 2 for the temperature difference in HX1 and HX2, and 4 for the pressure drop of each stream in HX1, HX2, and after-cooler. It is followed that we have two independent variables in cycle design. For comparison with the ideal cycle, the main variable is taken as the pressure ratio at compressor (rP = P2/P1), and the second variable is taken as the highest pressure (PH = P2). FIGURE 4 is the plot of calculated FOM as a function of rP for various values of PH. FIGURE 4. FOM of practical Brayton cycle as a function of pressure ratio for various values of highest pressure with helium and neon as refrigerant. 1668PDF Image | Thermodynamic design of 10 kW Brayton cryocooler for HTS cable
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