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ACEP 12-03 | March 2012 COST CONSIDERATIONS Fig. 16. Major cost components of the energy storage system: the power conversion unit ($/kW), and the storage unit ($/kWh). The BOP is typically costed with the storage unit. Cost is calculated for a system by adding the cost of the storage unit and the power conditioning system. These subsystems are treated separately because they provide different functions and are priced by different ratings. Power components are priced in $/kW. Energy storage units are priced in $/kWh. For this reason, the individual subsystem costs are needed, although they are often difficult to separate from vendor system prices. It’s hard to sort out the cost of electricity stored by flow batteries, because there are too many variables. Nonetheless, indications are favorable. For the particular 20 kWhVRB system under consideration, based on a formulation by Witmer3, providing electricity using the battery, assuming 10,000 charge–discharge cycles, should cost 29 U.S. cents per kilowatt-hour—the more cycles, though, the lower the cost per kilowatt-hour. This rudimentary economic analysis indicates that the battery is not adequate to justify use of these batteries in larger communities based simply on displacement of diesel fuel at current costs (around 16 to 17 cents per kWh). However, a battery used in conjunction with a wind turbine to stabilize delivered power (to provide spinning reserve in times of variable wind speed) may provide a higher economic return – this is the basis of the next phase of research: integrating the VRB with the hybrid wind-diesel test bed. 3 Dennis Witmer, Presentation at the International Wind-Diesel Workshop ADVANCED ENERGY STORAGE RESEARCH 27 | P a g ePDF Image | Advanced Battery Storage Systems Testing at ACEP VRB ESS
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