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Chapter 1 Electroactive Materials for Next-Generation Redox Flow Batteries: From Inorganic to Organic Jingchao Chai, Amir Lashgari, and Jianbing “Jimmy” Jiang* Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, P.O. Box 210172, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221-0172, United States *Email: jianbing.jiang@uc.edu Redox flow batteries (RFBs) are attractive technology for large-scale energy storage due to their independent control over energy and power. However, the practical application of RFBs is generally restricted by low energy density, inferior power density, and insufficient cyclability. While remarkable progress was made on inorganic material-based RFBs, organic redox flow batteries, where organic compounds serve as redox-active materials, have recently attracted enormous attention because of their molecular diversity, structure designability, and low cost. In this section, the recent progress on organic redox-active materials, ranging from small molecules to polymers, in aqueous and non-aqueous media, is reviewed. Particularly, the function-oriented molecular design of organic redox- active materials is presented. Finally, technological challenges and prospective research possibilities of organic redox-active materials in advanced large-scale RFBs are discussed. Introduction The constant consumption of fossil fuel increases the level of greenhouse gas in the atmosphere, urging the development of energy from renewable sources, such as solar, wind, and tide. The rapid development of these energy generations entails the use of large-scale electricity-storage devices due to the inherent intermittence and fluctuation of renewable energy. In the last three decades, lithium ion batteries (LIBs) have been extensively researched and commercialized in the market as primary power sources for portable electronic equipment and electric vehicles (1, 2). However, the widespread implementation of traditional LIBs in smart grids is hindered by high cost, safety issues, and environmental concerns (3, 4). In addition, the energy density of LIBs is limited by the intrinsic specific capacity of the state-of-the-art electrodes. In the age of post-lithium batteries, other novel batteries, such as lithium-air, lithium-sulfur, magnesium, and zinc, are developed to improve safety, energy density, and power density (Figure 1). Despite the remarkable achievements, technologies of these post-lithium batteries are still at the infant stage (5). © 2020 American Chemical Society Qin and Fan; Clean Energy Materials ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 2020. Downloaded via 50.93.222.59 on January 11, 2023 at 17:00:45 (UTC). See https://pubs.acs.org/sharingguidelines for options on how to legitimately share published articles.PDF Image | Electroactive Materials Next-Generation Redox Flow Batteries
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