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1 Introduction Redox flow batteries (RFB) utilise two liquid electrolyte solutions, each containing charge carrying compounds, typically in the form of metal ions, the most common form of which is the Vanadium Redox Flow Battery (VRFB), (Figure 1.1). Figure 1.1: Vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB) schematic, adapted from [17]. In a VRFB, during discharge, V2+ is oxidized to V3+ in the negative electrolyte, with the electrons flowing through the external circuit to positive electrode where VO2+ is reduced to VO2+ in the positive electrolyte. While this redox reaction is occurring, hydrogen ions (H+) diffuse across the ion exchange membrane, maintaining the charge neutrality and completing the circuit. To charge the VRFB, electrical work is provided from an external source; such as a renewable generator, in order to oxidise VO2+ to VO2+ and reduce V3+ to V2+. During charging and discharging the charge carriers remain dissolved in the fluid electrolyte. 4PDF Image | Electron Transfer Kinetics in Redox Flow Batteries
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