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6 Using Individual Carbon Fiber Electrodes to Quantify Effects of Thermal Activation The difference in measured capacitance between the untreated fiber types could be a result of wettability, surface roughness or differences in the 𝑐𝐷𝐿 of the carbon material [177]. The 𝑐𝐷𝐿 reported in this work for the G100, Toray and C100 fiber samples is between that of the HOPG basal plane (2 μF cm2) and GC (24 – 36 μF cm2), whilst the 𝑐𝐷𝐿 of the GFE fibers is at the upper end of the GC range. Therefore, the fibers likely have a low roughness factor and the actual surface area is similar to the geometric surface area. In literature it was shown that after thermal treatment the fraction of edge plane sites increases, contributing to an increase in capacitance and that thermal treatment improves the wettability of carbon felts [211]. Therefore, the increase in capacitance summarized in (Table 6.2), can be considered as the upper limit for the increase in electrochemically active surface area. Table 6.2: Change in specific capacitance for each fiber type after thermal treatment. Felt G100 GFE Toray C100 Capacitance Before (μF cm-2) 11 ± 1 42 ± 6 18 ± 2 31 ± 2 Capacitance After (μF cm-2) 80 ± 20 83 ± 8 310 ± 30 1200 ± 30 Factor Increase 7 x 2 x 18 x 38 x An increase in the electrochemically active surface area should lead to improved electron transfer kinetics at the carbon fiber surface. The current density at a given over-potential should increase linearly with increased surface area, providing that the inherent rate constant has not changed and mass transport limitations are ignored. 79PDF Image | Electron Transfer Kinetics in Redox Flow Batteries
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