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6 Using Individual Carbon Fiber Electrodes to Quantify Effects of Thermal Activation The EIS measurements showed significant differences in apparent rate constants between the different felt types, with all of the apparent rate constants being significantly larger than before the thermal treatment. The increase in apparent rate constants is not proportional to the increase in specific capacitance of the fibers, (Table 6.5). Table 6.5: Change in electric double layer capacitance (EDLC), apparent and inherent rate constants of carbon fibers (before and after thermal treatment). Fiber Type G100 GFE Toray C100 𝒌𝟎 𝒌𝟎 𝒌𝟎 EDLC 𝒌𝟎 𝒂𝒑𝒑 𝒂𝒑𝒑 𝒂𝒑𝒑 Increase 7 x 2 x 18 x 38 x 𝒊𝒏 Change 1,400 x 15 x > 1,100 x - 6 x Before (cm s-1) 0.000003 ± 0.000002 0.004 ± 0.003 <0.0000002 0.003 ± 0.002 After (cm s-1) 0.04 ± 0.01 0.12 ± 0.05 0.005 ± 0.003 0.02 ± 0.01 Increase 10,000 x 30 x > 20,000 x 6 x The increase in rate constant for GFE, Toray and G100 are significantly larger than the increase in capacitance, which as discussed previously can be thought of as an upper limit for the increase in electrochemically active surface area. This strongly suggests that there was a change in the amount and or type of functional groups at the surface. As the thermal treatment was carried out in an air atmosphere, these functional groups likely contain oxygen, which has been shown in literature to improve performance for a range of redox couples [131, 197, 201]. 87PDF Image | Electron Transfer Kinetics in Redox Flow Batteries
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