Electron Transfer Kinetics in Redox Flow Batteries

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Electron Transfer Kinetics in Redox Flow Batteries ( electron-transfer-kinetics-redox-flow-batteries )

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6 Using Individual Carbon Fiber Electrodes to Quantify Effects of Thermal Activation Raman spectroscopy on the different fiber types before and after thermal treatment was carried out, with the aim of identifying differences in the surface structure which may relate to the difference in response to thermal treatment. The experimental measurements and analysis were done by Chima Robert and Keith Gordon, from the University of Otago, Department of Chemistry. Raman spectroscopy is often used to characterise carbon materials [212-216]. Empirical relationships using the intensity ratio of the defect-induced Raman D band and the bulk G band (𝐼𝐷), can be applied to calculate the mean crystallite sizes 𝐿𝑎 [212]. Typically, 𝐼𝐺 larger crystallite sizes are indicative of a more ordered and highly graphitic carbon material. The D and G band intensities and calculated mean crystallite size are reported for each fiber type, (Table 6.6). Table 6.6: Important Raman spectra properties for each fiber type tested in this work. Fiber type C100 C100 thermal G100 G100 thermal GFE GFE thermal Toray Toray thermal Area Area (D-band) (G-band) ID / IG 4.57 ± 0.10 3.93 ± 0.07 1.10 ± 0.03 1.08 ± 0.05 1.76 ± 0.03 1.88 ± 0.11 2.93 ± 0.07 3.14 ± 0.02 La (Å) 9.63 ± 0.60 11.20 ± 0.24 40.00 ± 1.14 40.74 ± 1.06 25.00 ± 0.39 23.40 ± 1.61 15.02 ± 0.38 14.01 ± 0.21 29,700 15,500 45,700 44,500 71,500 34,000 146,100 13,100 6,500 3,900 41,700 41,100 40,600 18,100 49,900 4,200 88

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