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Min-Young Kim et al. / J. Electrochem. Sci. Technol., 2021, 12(3), 330-338 337 Table 1. Efficiencies of VRB single cells by applying conductive adhesive film between electrode and bipolar plate at 5 cycle VRB Coulombic Voltage Energy Samples Efficiency (%) Efficiency (%) Efficiency (%) Blank cell Bare EVA cell CB-EVA cell CNT-EVA cell 89.82 88.50 92.00 86.76 92.53 90.60 92.19 90.99 79.49 79.82 83.83 83.89 Fig. 11. Capacity and efficiency of VRB single cells during the charge/discharge cycle: cyclability (a), coulombic efficiency (b), and voltage efficiency (c). increased by introducing EVA adhesive film com- pared to blank cell. Although the inhibition of corro- sion of bipolar plates is not defined in this study, several studies suggested that protecting layer such as conductive polymer and mono polymer on bipolar plate affects the inhibition of corrosion of bipolar plates [19-22]. Similarly, the surface of bipolar plate was coated with EAV with a good chemical stability from electrolyte as shown Fig. 4. Therefore, we believe that the increased CE may be originated from coated conductive adhesive film on bipolar plate. Interestingly, the tendency of CE was similar to the tendency of through resistance. This is, the highest CE was achieved using CB-EVA adhesive film which showed the lowest through resistance of adhe- sive film. Thus, we expected that when through resis- tance of adhesive film is decreased, characteristics of electron transfer between bipolar plate and graphite felt is improved. It means that interface force at elec- trified interface like capacitance on surface of bipolar plate was decreased due to improved characteristics of electron transfer [23]. So that, probability of side reaction between bipolar plate and electrolyte was decreased. In the case of VE, VE of blank cell was also increased by introducing conductive EVA film coated with CB and CNT due to decreasing contact resistance between bipolar plate and graphite felt. The tendency of VE was also similar to the tendency of contact resistance of adhesive film. VE is indi- cated as overpotential and ohmic drop originated from vanadium redox reaction and internal resis- tance of cell. So, the highest VE was achieved using CNT-EVA adhesive film which showed the lowest contact resistance related to ohmic drop. Also, we expect that not only decreasing contact resistance by integrating electrode-bipolar plate, but CAF also can be work like electrode due to one of component is active materials such as CB and CNT. Therefore, by changing conductive material in CAF, overpotential properties originated from vanadium redox reaction can be changed. htPDF Image | Energy Efficiency Improvement of Vanadium Redox Flow Battery
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