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DHAQ = 0.81 DHA = 0.07 Figure S19. DHAQ = 0.68 (DHA)2 = 0.08 Quantitative electrolyte species tracking by 1H NMR (aliquots defined in caption of Fig. S18), where numbers in black correspond to signal integrations relative to that of an internal standard of sodium methanesulfonate ( δ 2.6 ppm, not shown ). The integral of the DHA signal (one proton) with a chemical shift of 7.82 ppm is 0.07, whereas that of the DHAQ signal with a chemical shift of 7.62 ppm (two protons) has decreased by 0.13 after the DHA has been fully converted to (DHA)2. Hence, the loss of DHAQ concentration is due to DHA formation. The (DHA)2 signals with chemical shift near 7.42 ppm (two protons total for each dimer) have an integral of approximately 0.08 as well. Hence, all DHA appears to be electrochemically oxidized to (DHA)2 (as demonstrated in Fig. S12). From the initial spectrum to the final (DHA)2 spectrum, nearly all protons in the region shown are conserved, demonstrating that the loss of DHAQ has been mass- balanced by conversion to DHA and subsequent conversion to (DHA)2. 21PDF Image | Extending organic flow batteries via redox state management
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