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The outcomes The policy workshop aimed to create a comprehensive overview of flow battery research and application, in the areas of Ć Modelling and materials Ć Application, demonstration and validation Ć Roadmapping Materials & modelling An original document prepared by the FLORES networkwasexamined,correctedandcompleted through interactive discussions with each expert panel. Technology and status Potential markets Research needs Besides the established vanadium RFBs, several other cell chemistries are available, and more are on the way to be discovered via state-of-the-art computer-aided methodologies like those researched in the EU-funded projects COMPBAT and SONAR. However, only a few of them have moved beyond pilot studies to reach (pre)commercial status. The active materials such as membranes, carbon electrodes and bipolar plates currently used in RFBs are by-products of either fuel cell research or other technologies (example: electrode felts were mainly developed as high temperature oven insulation material). Only very few materials are designed especially for RFB applications. Beneficiaries of new research outcomes could be 1) Flow battery producers; 2) producers of chemicals, e.g. basic chemicals related to organic redox-active molecules; 3) producers of cell materials like membranes, bipolar plates and felt electrodes; 4) modelling and control tools developers. 1) Exploration of new redox-active compounds as potential RFB electrolytes. Computational techniques such as DFT, molecular dynamics or computer- aided search engines, like the methods developed in the EU-funded projects SONAR, COMPBAT and MFreeB, will accelerate the discovery of promising new redox compounds. These first results must be thoroughly investigated and validated. 2) Especially new redox active organic compounds for AORFB can disrupt the existing approaches. For this, the low-cost, industrially feasible and environmentally sustainable production of organic active materials (as in the EU-funded projects HIGREEW or BALIHT) needs to be investigated further. 3) Attention should also be paid to new inorganic chemistries for next- generation RFBs (as in the projects FlowCamp and MELODY). Especially metal complexes are an interesting new field of electrolyte research, with various new approaches on the horizon. 4) Adapted or radically new cell designs are likely needed for unconventional chemistries and concepts such as i) slurry-type batteries with redox-active polymers addressed in the project POLYSTORAGE or with ii) inorganic slurries like zinc slurry air batteries in the project FlowCamp, iii) membrane- free RFB cells (projects MFreeB and MELODY) or iv) customized materials for the new concepts, such as solid booster materials which are being initially investigated in the projects COMPBAT and B3BOOST FLOWBAT 6 Flow battery systems and their future in stationary energy storagePDF Image | Flow battery systems future in stationary energy storage
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