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Materials & modelling Policy challenges 5) Customized materials for new systems like membranes, felts, bipolar plates for aqueous organic RFBs (HIGREEW membranes modified to mitigate crossover). Especially new RFB chemistries like HBFB, all-copper, AORFB, and solid boosters will require different cell materials and cell configuration. Modelling/design is also needed here to evaluate thermic, fluidic and electrochemical aspects. 6) Recycling or reuse strategies for battery materials and electrolytes, like the recycled VRFB electrolyte in the project HyFlow Although in the previous Horizon 2020 research framework programme several (LC-BAT) calls funded material research for RFBs, new systems are still in the early development stages, and even more advanced systems have not yet achieved commercial application, mostly due to a perception that RFBs have higher cost and higher environmental impact. A challenge is that benefits of these technologies are expected more in the mid-term: a focus on quick solutions and early results will limit the chance to find breakthrough ideas (competing technologies including VRFB have progressed over a long period). However, unless continued research and technology validation is funded (e.g. in the next Cluster 5 Work Programme for 2023-2024), there is a risk that the technologies will remain in the “valley of death”. Further investments are required in material research for existing flow batteries as well as new technologies, along the whole TRL scale from 4-7. Efforts for innovative upscaling and production technologies as well as standardization could be the focus for more advanced materials. An important opportunity would be the inclusion of redox flow technology in the next Cluster 5 WP for 2023-2024 calls, which would pave the way for promising results generated within current EU-funded projects to be moved further along the TRL scale. It would also help to reinforce the presence of redox flow technology in ERA (European Research Agenda), political and industrial plans. In funding material research for flow batteries, it is important to consider that technology development needs a long-term research framework - it cannot be tackled with short term approaches. Policy recommendations Application, demonstration & validation Technology and status Potential markets Research needs There are very few RFB demonstration projects, and still fewer for the purpose of research and validation The beneficiaries of demonstration and validation projects would be utilities, electric energy suppliers, transmission grid providers, companies and private citizens, both as individuals and as energy communities, and end users and legislative bodies creating technical regulations for the energy market. 1) New, medium-to-large scale living labs for the testing of different RFB components (RFBs are modular, so new materials and systems could be tested) or for comparative testing of storage or charging infrastructure for electric vehicles Flow battery systems and their future in stationary energy storage 7PDF Image | Flow battery systems future in stationary energy storage
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