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Application, demonstration & validation Policy challenges 2) New, large-scale living labs for grid-operated storage with flow batteries, which can operate beyond the regulatory framework to explore the application of RFBs in new markets (e.g. grid booster approaches, hybrid storage and virtual inertia). 3) Projects with emphasis on the topic of grid technology and control with energy storage (building on work begun in projects HYFLOW and HYBRIS). 4) New sensors (especially SOC) and control strategies to maintain SOH to achieve an “indefinite” life time of a flow battery. 5) Smart battery management to elongate battery life (such as the Battery Management System (BMS) development in HIGREEW and BALIHT). Validation of RFBs on a large scale has not yet been achieved. Current Horizon Europe calls, which could have funded such demonstrators, are mainly focused on hydrogen applications, excluding RFBs despite their high potential to also solve the challenges presented (often the calls indicate a technological preference, e.g. referring to either hydrogen or battery cells). Regulators should incentivise network operators to procure storage services to invest in more stable grid operation, like recommended in the clean energy package norms. This would release stress from the grid operators and reduce also costly redispatch. Market incentives and business models are needed to define other services energy storage could provide like virtual inertia/ grid forming (high power RFB or hybrid energy storage), energy security (seasonal storage) or better utilization of land lines (grid booster). These market strategies should be of highest importance, as energy security is an economic requirement in Europe. Funding calls for demonstration projects (for example within Cluster 5 of the EU framework programme Horizon Europe) should be technology neutral / open to RFB technologies. Policy research concerning reform regulatory architectures should be encouraged to ensure storage is considered as a key element. They should enable data generation and the validation of RFB technologies and offer the chance to adjust current regulations to increase utilization of renewable energies. They should also facilitate mid-size scale up and demonstration projects for material qualification that are more feasible for SMEs and RTOs Policy recommendations 8 Flow battery systems and their future in stationary energy storagePDF Image | Flow battery systems future in stationary energy storage
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