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Section 7.3 Evaluation of the twenty-four cell designs in a three-stack string 85 80 75 70 65 10 20 Geometry factor in 103m-1 50 FF=1.5 FF=2 FF=3 FF=4 78 77 76 75 74 73 72 1000 2000 3000 4000 Electrode area in cm2 AE=1000 cm2 AE=2000 cm2 AE=3000 cm2 AE =4000 cm2 30 40 Figure 7-7: Coulomb efficiency for the Figure 7-8: Voltage efficiency for the three- three-stack string at 25 mAcm-2 over channel stack string at 100 mAcm-2 over electrode area geometry factor and electrode area and flow factor Table 7-1: Deployed flow factors for all twenty-four designs in a three-stack string for lowest and nominal current density. In brackets: Optimal flow factor in terms of RTSE, if applied flow factor deviates from optimal flow factor Area Electrode Channel design variation 123456 short short short long long long wide medium narrow wide medium narrow Current density 25 mAcm-2 variation area 1 1000 cm2 2 2000 cm2 3 3000 cm2 4 4000 cm2 1 1000 cm2 2 2000 cm2 3 3000 cm2 4 4000 cm2 4.0 4.0 3.6 4.0 4.0 3.6 3.4 3.1 3.1 3.4 3.1 2.8 3.1 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.6 2.9 2.7 2.4 2.7 2.4 2.4 Current density 100 mAcm-2 5.3 5.3 5.3 5.3 5.3 5.3 (4.0) (4.0) (4.0) (4.5) (4.0) (4.0) 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 (3.8) (3.4) (3.4) (3.8) (3.4) (3.1) 3.9 3.9 3.9 3.9 3.9 3.9 (3.1) (3.1) (3.1) (3.1) (3.1) (3.1) 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 (2.9) (2.9) (2.7) (2.9) (2.7) (2.7) As a consequence, the optimal flow factor, which is mainly a compromise between pump power and concentration overpotential, only varies little between the single-stack system and the system with a three-stack string, as shown in Table 7-1. 112 Coulomb efficiency in % Voltage efficiency in %PDF Image | Model-based Design Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries
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