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Section 8.8 Comparison of the FRCSs studied current density, the efficiency drops by as much as 21.0 %-points, as shown in Figure 8-12 a) and in Table 8-4. Compared to the conventional variable FRCS, the innovative one yields the same or even a slightly increased discharge capacity. However, the true advantage of the new method is identified on the efficiency site. The innovative variable FRCS yields up to 0.9%-points additional system efficiency. Hence, it can be concluded that the innovative variable FRCS in combination with the stack voltage controller now yields a higher efficiency without any loss of discharge capacity. Table 8-4: RTSE with FRCS optimized for largest capacity Current in A 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 Constant 55.2 % 64.7 % 69.0 % 71.1 % 71.9 % 72.1 % 71.8 % 71.1 % 70.3 % Conv. variable 76.2 % 78.8 % 78.8 % 78.2 % 77.2 % 76.1 % 74.9 % 73.7 % 72.2 % Innovative variable 76.2 % 79.1 % 79.5 % 79.0 % 78.0 % 76.9 % 75.6 % 74.3 % 72.9 % ηInnovative− ηConstant 21.0 % 14.5 % 10.5 % 7.9 % 6.1 % 4.8 % 3.9 % 3.1 % 2.5 % ηInnovative− ηV ariable 0.0 % 0.3 % 0.7 % 0.9 % 0.9 % 0.8 % 0.7 % 0.6 % 0.7 % Table 8-5: Specific discharge capacity in WhL-1 with FRCS optimized for largest capacity Current in A Constant 40 17.9 60 19.5 80 20.0 100 20.1 120 19.9 140 19.2 160 18.1 180 16.8 200 15.4 Two sample cycles Conv. Innovative CInnovative− variable variable CConstant 21.5 21.5 3.6 21.8 21.8 2.3 21.6 21.7 1.6 21.2 21.3 1.2 20.7 20.8 0.9 19.7 19.9 0.7 18.5 18.6 0.5 17.2 17.3 0.4 15.6 15.7 0.3 CInnovative− CV ariable 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 8.8.3 Two sample cycles are simulated with all studied FRCSs in order to demonstrate the advantage of the proposed innovative approach, combined with the stack voltage controller. The first sample cycle, shown in Figure 8-13, is conducted using a current of ±100 A and SoC limits of 10 % and 90 %. The second sample cycle, shown in Figure 8-14, is conducted with ±200 A between SoC limits of 20 % and 80 %. Note that SoC instead of voltage limits are deployed in this section to determine the end of the charging and discharging processes. Using SoC limits, the chronological sequences of the studied quantities show a better overlap which enables a better comparison of the different FRCSs. 135PDF Image | Model-based Design Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries
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