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Section 8.8 Comparison of the FRCSs Table 8-3: Specific discharge capacity in WhL-1 with FRCS optimized for highest RTSE Current in A 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 Constant Conv. Innovative CInnovative -CConstant 0.2 0.4 0.7 1.4 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.7 2.9 CInnovative- CV ariable 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 -0.2 -0.5 -0.5 -0.6 -0.7 variable 21.3 21.5 21.5 21.3 21.8 21.8 20.9 21.5 21.6 19.9 21.2 21.3 18.5 20.7 20.4 17.0 19.6 19.2 15.4 18.3 17.8 13.7 16.9 16.3 11.8 15.4 14.7 variable 8.8.2 Optimization objective largest discharge capacity Figure 8-12: Comparison of the different FRCSs with objective maximum discharge capacity (VC = voltage controller) For maximizing the discharge capacity, the innovative variable FRCS can be equipped with the proposed stack voltage controller. For the other two FRCSs, the flow factors which yield the maximum discharge capacity are deployed in this section. Towards the nominal current, the constant FRCS yields a comparable discharge capacity as the two variable FRCSs, as shown in Figure 8-12 b) and in Table 8-5. The nominal discharge capacity is only 0.3 WhL-1 smaller than the nominal capacity of the innovative variable FRCS. However, towards a lower current, the gap in discharge capacity is substantially larger. For the lowest studied current, the gap is up to 3.6 WhL-1. This corresponds to a relative capacity loss of 15 % compared to the two variable FRCSs. In terms of efficiency, the large applied flow factor of the constant FRCS, which is unavoidable to obtain a comparable nominal discharge capacity, is very disadvantageous. With 2.5 %-points, the efficiency loss compared to the innovative variable FRCS is minimal for the nominal current density. However, for the lowest 134 Efficiency in % Specific capacity in WhL-1PDF Image | Model-based Design Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries
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