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4.2. Results and Discussion Figure 4.13: RRDE experiment of 5 mM HQ in 1 M KOH. (a) Linear sweep voltammo- grams recorded in the anodic direction on a GC disk WE at 5mVs−1 (solid lines) and on a gold ring WE at a constant potential of −0.160 V vs. SHE (dashed lines). The area shaded in blue shows where the limiting currents were determined. (b) Experimental and theoretical collection efficiencies. 4.2.2.2 DHBQ DHBQ was previously studied with both three-electrode voltammetry and full cell cyc- ling by Yang et al. [32] and was included in these studies to attempt to reproduce results from the literature. The compound was a promising candidate for the negolyte in aqueous alkaline RFBs, as the addition of two electron-withdrawing and solubility- enhancing hydroxy groups to the basic BQ structure is expected to decrease the redox potential, increase the solubility, and stabilise the structure in alkaline media. A cyclic voltammogram of DHBQ recorded in 1 M KOH confirms the first and third of these statements (see Figure 4.2 (b), solid lime line); the redox potential of −0.692 V vs. SHE is approximately 0.75V lower than for HQ in 1M KOH, and peaks are observed on both the anodic and cathodic scans, as opposed to HQ where the cathodic peak was absent. On the other hand, the observed broad peaks and peak split of 230mV are markedly different from the sharp peaks and peak split of approximately 60 mV observed by Yang et al. [32]. An explanation for these differences cannot be given at this point. The diffusion and kinetic parameters were determined through RDE measurements, which are presented in Figure 4.14. A diffusion coefficient of 5.61 × 10−6 cm2 s−1, a standard rate constant of 6.25 × 10−4 cm s−1, and a transfer coefficient of 0.152 were calculated from the 57PDF Image | Organic Redox Flow Batteries 2023
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