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Chapter 5. Cell Cycling (subplot (a)) together with their corresponding power density curves (subplot (b)). The overpotentials are higher than observed in previous work [24], which is presumably caused by the different DBEAQ concentrations employed. Furthermore, the highest measured power density was −0.14Wcm−2 at 100% SOC, although the current density was not scanned far enough for the peak power density to become visible. A peak power density of 0.24 W cm−2 at 100 % SOC was previously reported [24]. Figure 5.10: (a) Polarisation curves of 0.1 M DBEAQ in 0.21 M KOH (= 0.01 M OH – ) against 0.15M K4[Fe(CN)6]+0.05M K3[Fe(CN)6] in 1.0M KCl adjusted to pH 12 with KOH. Nafion 212 was used as the membrane. (b) Corresponding power density curves. A galvanostatic cycling protocol with potential holds at the limits was conducted sub- sequently, at ±100 mA cm−2 between 0.5 V and 1.4 V and an electrolyte flow rate of 50 mL min−1. The potentiostatic holds were maintained until the current decreased to 2 mA cm−2. The charge-discharge curves and capacities are presented in Figure 5.11. The overpotential of the charging process increased notably with cycling, whereas the discharge process changed to a smaller extent. A capacity fade rate of 1.1 mA h d−1 (2.2 % d−1) was found, which is about 44 times higher than what was found in the literature [24]. This is likely the result of insufficient oxygen protection. The cycling protocol was originally set to run for 300 cycles, but the software stopped recording after the 78th cycle. Upon investigation, it was found that the negolyte volume had decreased by approximately 4 mL, which resulted in an insufficient amount of liquid to properly fill the cell at all times. The loss of volume is likely caused by osmosis of water 84PDF Image | Organic Redox Flow Batteries 2023
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