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tubular cell was constructed from extruded current collectors and a welded tubular membrane, it was able to produce 70 mA cm-2 at an EE of 55%. 6.1.4 Vanadium chloride/polyhalide RFB In order to avoid the precipitation of V2O5 at high temperatures a RFB which uses a polyhalide solution in the catholyte and a vanadium(II)/vanadium(III) chloride redox couple in the anolyte was developed [114]. The occurring reactions are: (19) (20) During the charging process, the bromide ions in the positive half-cell are oxidised to the polyhalide ion Br2Cl ; the reaction between Br2 and Cl leads to the Br2Cl ion, while Cl2 dissolved in a Br solution generates the Cl2Br ion that has high oxidation potential. The application of those compounds in a vanadium chloride/polyhalide redox flow cell would lead to cell potential of around 1.3 V. A CV was conducted on a graphite electrode and the authors claimed that the redox reaction of VCl3/VCl2 was reversible [114]. A correction for the high surface area and porosity of the electrode, which could elucidate k0 [26], was not performed. A higher chloride ion concentration apparently shifts the peak potentials. In 8.48 M Cl supporting electrolyte the anodic peak appears at a potent 27 V vs SHE (recalculated from SCE) 33 V vs. SHE. Another advantage is that no hydrogen evolution is observed at potentials below the V(III) reduction peak which is favourable for the charging process in RFBs . A short-term cell test was conducted and the composition of the negative half-cell electrolyte was 1 M VCl3 in 1.5 M HCl, while that of the positive half-cell electrolyte was 1 M NaBr in 1.5 M HCl. The CE VE values were calculated as 83 and 80%, respectively. The long-term experiments to investigate the crossover across the membrane of electrolyte and the stability tests of the bromine polyhalide mixture have to be conducted. 6.2 Bromine-polysulphide RFB Page 28 of 63PDF Image | Redox Flow Batteries Concepts Chemistries
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